
Online Advertising
Search campaigns: the structure that keeps working
Most accounts grow wild. After two years nobody remembers why a given ad group exists. A structure that is still readable after a hundred changes.
Online Advertising
Cost per click is the most widely misread number in online marketing. Look only at it and you will pay more per customer than the competitor with the pricier click.

The first number anyone sees in a Google Ads account is average cost per click. It is seductively simple and it leads to bad decisions, because it says nothing about what a customer costs.
Every search triggers an auction. Entrants are not ranked by bid alone but by a product of bid and ad rank. Ad rank takes in expected click-through rate, the relevance of the ad to the query, and the experience on the landing page.
From that follows a rule that surprises many advertisers: you do not pay your bid, only enough to beat the next advertiser. A better ad lowers the price you actually pay without you touching the bid.
The spread is large. The figures below are working ranges for generic, purchase-intent queries in Western European markets. Brand terms sit far below, often at 10 to 30 cents.
| Industry | Cost per click | Typical close rate | Cost per enquiry |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trades, emergency call-out | £3 to £8 | 8 to 15 % | £25 to £90 |
| Online retail | £0.40 to £1.50 | 1 to 3 % | £20 to £120 |
| Legal services | £8 to £25 | 5 to 10 % | £90 to £400 |
| Insurance, finance | £6 to £30 | 3 to 8 % | £90 to £800 |
| Hospitality, local | £0.50 to £2 | 10 to 20 % | £3 to £20 |
| B2B manufacturing | £3 to £12 | 2 to 5 % | £80 to £500 |
Only the fourth column matters. A £25 click in legal services can be cheaper than a 40p click in retail when there is a four-figure fee behind it.
Reverse the order. Start from gross margin, not from the click price.
An example: a plumbing firm makes an average £2,400 contribution on a bathroom refit. One in four qualified enquiries becomes a job; one in twelve clickers enquires. So a job costs 48 clicks. If you allow 15 per cent of the contribution for advertising, that is £360 a job, or £7.50 a click. At a market price of £5 the channel is clearly profitable.
In most accounts seen for the first time, the same four holes appear.
After three months with clean measurement, a maintained negative list and at least 300 clicks per ad group, you have enough data. If cost per job then sits permanently above your contribution margin, search ads are the wrong channel for this offer. That is not a failure, it is a result.
For usable data you need roughly 100 clicks per ad group per month. At 2 euro a click that is 200 euro per ad group; at 12 euro it is 1,200. Less produces numbers you cannot act on.
Because competitors raise their bids or new advertisers enter the auction. The price is not a tariff, it is a market outcome that shifts by the hour.
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